Nikonos

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The model allowed selection of aperture, shutter speed, exposure compensation and shooting mode with the respective dials on the top of the body. In addition, with the adoption of the automatic focusing system, manual focusing with motor-driven power focusing was available simply by turning the focusing knob clockwise or counterclockwise.

The lens range marker and frame counter were equipped with LED illumination to improve visibility. Moreover, easy film loading and automatic film wind-up and rewind were added. All basic settings could be done with the left hand, and the profile of the body was based on a form seeking ultimate simplicity of operation.

Furthermore, the exterior design had a real presence; in the hands of Giorgetto Giugiaro, the famous Italian car and industrial designer, the body was shaped into a coherent design from body to lens and Speedlight, including the color ring, providing a quite different image from that of predecessor underwater cameras. The fisheye lens, zoom lens, and other unique lenses, which were not available in the lineup of conventional lenses for underwater photography till then, contributed to expand photographic expressions.

The multi-function underwater Speedlight SB was also made available with a high-intensity flashlight, an illuminating angle of degrees, and water tightness to a depth of m. It permitted Matrix Balanced Full-Flash speedlight control when used with the concurrently released RS, and the flash remote, slave sensor and slave mode to trigger it with another strobe, and many other features gained considerable popularity. In addition, the cameras were used also on land under bad weather conditions or at locations exposed to water spray.

There is an interesting story in Japan that a newspaper company used NIKONOS in beer-pouring parties in celebration of the championship of professional baseball teams, since ordinary single-lens reflex cameras would get wet and fail to take pictures. There has been no rival product introduced by competitors for many years.

This may be attributed not only to the fact that underwater cameras are distinctive in all aspects, but also to the fact that Nikon has a high degree of engineering expertise regarding all processes from design and development through to manufacturing and servicing. In addition, the waterproof capability and the excellent integration of compatible lenses, Speedlight, and a variety of accessories as a system has supported the NIKONOS series cameras.

However, in the field of underwater photography, the method for taking pictures with a land-use single-lens reflex camera enclosed in a water pressure-resistant casing, or housing, has been steadily evolving, and is currently in vogue. Nikon introduced a housing 50 years ago, in , which housed the Nikon S2 for underwater photography.

This provides a contrast between our underwater housing, which was developed earlier and discontinued, and the currently prevailing housing-based underwater photography, which has survived for several years. Compact and lightweight, thereby ensuring easy and simple operation, As an all-weather camera, the camera can be used not only underwater water-resistant to a water depth of 50 m but on land as well More cost-effective compared to the conventional housing-based design.

Film advance Lever type; Film advance and shutter setting combined in one; additive type frame counter provided Film rewind Pull-out and knob type Dimensions W x H x D Approx. Back to top. Film advance Lever type; Film advance and shutter setting combined in one action; additive type frame counter provided Film rewind Pull-out type with film rewind crank Dimensions W x H x D Approx.

The version III went through some major improvements to its predecessors as follows: a sprocket was adopted for film wind-up, when the wind-up amount in predecessors I and II had to be adjusted by gradually decreasing the angle of rotation of the spool with every frame. This achieved equal frame-to-frame spacings on a roll of film. The frame counter was relocated to the top of camera from the bottom of the body outer casing for more convenient reading. The viewfinder was modified to the illuminating window-type bright frame to provide a brighter field of view and a crisper, clearer frame.

And an additional frame for 80 mm lenses was incorporated. Moreover, special considerations were made as follows: the film holding spool was improved to contain two grooves for easier film loading; the flash sync connector was improved; and the hinged pressure plate adopted first in version II was modified to open in the downward direction.

The body became larger in size due to the adoption of sprockets and the illuminating window-type viewfinder. However, the film advance lever was modified to a larger size, and the film rewind crank and shutter release button were redesigned to fit the camera and ensure easier operation even with gloved fingers. The versions I and II were a unique spindle-shaped design in appearance which was said to be resistant to external pressures.

The version III inherited the spindle-shaped appearance, though it was getting closer to a box-shaped camera. This model was placed on the market in July at 54, yen. It offered a variety of capabilities and its key features are discussed below.

TTL exposure meter and aperture-priority AE control mechanism. At that time, aperture-priority and other automatic exposure AE control systems came into common use among the single-lens reflex SLR cameras for use on land, and the IV-A also adopted the AE control mechanism. This model was equipped with the automatic exposure control with through-the-lens TTL , center-weighted, exposure metering of aperture-priority in order to ensure correct exposure by taking into account the brightness of the edges of the image field while focusing on the center of the image plane.

In order to realize the exposure metering system, a reflector was incorporated in front of the shutter blade, working in synchronization with the shutter blade. The reflector reflects the light after it passes through the lens and directs it towards the light-receiving element SPD for exposure metering, and correct exposure is determined based on the amount of light sensed at the SPD. In water, it is difficult to determine optimum exposure, but the aperture-priority AE was well received by many photographers since it could offer an accurate exposure value simply by selecting an aperture.

Electronically controlled shutter. Hinged-type open-and-close camera back. Significantly easier operation. LED blinks to warn exposure is outside lower or upper limit for shutter sync. The switch will be set to OFF approx.

Dimensions W x H x D Approx. The model IV-A became a breakthrough camera for its capability to provide automatic exposure control underwater with the aperture-priority AE. In practice, however, the shooting mode was limited to aperture-priority; then, the addition of the manual mode was requested to permit optional selection of shutter speeds. In addition, the flash control of Speedlights used with IV-A was based on an external sensor; the V made possible the automatic TTL flash control by using the specifically designed Speedlight models including SB and The model V came out in April at 73, yen with a significant evolution in automatic control of exposure and Speedlight.

This model was available with a light orange and green body finish colors, which was a somewhat different look from the predecessor versions of NIKONOS series. The V, brought nearer to perfection, was used not only in underwater photography but also for land photography in bad weather conditions, and remained a long-selling product for as long as 17 years; even though its sale was discontinued in October , it is still missed by many regular users.

Battery check Exposure indication LED in the viewfinder lights up to indicate correct battery installation and sufficient battery power when shutter release button is pressed halfway down. In practice, however, underwater photography often entails close-up shots due to the lower clarity and bluish color of the water.

The RS represented the pinnacle of Nikon's commitment to underwater imaging, and generated significant interest at the time. According to Brian Long, the RS was a development of Japan's bubble economy of the late 80s, which saw a number of cost-no-object consumer products and automobiles produced. Unfortunately, early versions also had a tendency to flood if not maintained perfectly.

Flooding was attributed to many factors, one of which was the change to orange-colored silicone o-rings that could swell and fail if third-party silicone grease was applied instead of the Nikonos grease that was petroleum-based. Non-Nikon third party silicone grease was commonly used without problems on black Nikonos o-rings by underwater photographers for several decades.

Nikon replaced all these floods at first, but in the end, it clearly became not worth the trouble. The RS was quietly discontinued about 5 years later, and no subsequent models were ever designed or manufactured. Nikon celebrated the Nikonos legacy when the Nikon 1 AW1 was released, a waterproof interchangeable-lens digital camera.

With the exception of the above-water only LW-Nikkor 28mm, all Nikonos Nikkor lenses use two knobs to facilitate focus and aperture operation with gloved hands. In later years, these knobs were colored differently to allow the photographer to more clearly distinguish between their functions; for these lenses, the silver or chrome knob sets the focus distance, and the black knob controls the aperture.

The LW-Nikkor uses conventional concentric focus and aperture rings. The two most common Nikonos lenses are the UW 28mm for underwater use only and the W 35mm which is amphibious with the UW 28mm being considered the better lens. The Nikonos lenses designated "UW-Nikkor" were specifically designed for underwater photography only.

It is said [37] [38] that, even to this day, no underwater lens matches the Nikonos "UW" lenses for sharpness and color saturation underwater. Rendition characteristics and lens performance". They made the Nikonos useful for aquatic activities such as kayaking , canoeing , or for foul weather situations. These two lenses, the Wmm and Wmm, were also fully waterproof, but because they utilized a flat port, they did not have the benefit of the specialized water-contact optics.

The Nikonos RS mount is physically identical to the older Nikon F mount, but an additional external bayonet was added for sealing, and the claws are slightly offset compared to the venerable still camera mount. The electronic signaling is also different from regular AF Nikon bodies.

Because the numbered Nikonos cameras did not offer through-the-lens viewing, the extremely shallow depth of field for macro photography pragmatically required a focusing aid. The Nikon Close Up Kit provided a complete rectangular frame, but most third-party extension tube kits typically only indexed the bottom and two sides, not the top, and because of this shape, a slang term for Nikonos framers were Goal Posts.

For various reasons such as concern for potential damage to the reef , some alternative products were developed over time to minimize or replace the basic framer design. One example Fred Dion; Underwater Photo Tech consisted of a bracket that held two small flashlights whose beams aligned at the focus plane.

Because light becomes monochromatic as depth increases , a portable light source is required for underwater photography. The first Calypso-based Nikonos cameras I and II were equipped with two-pin sync ports for flashbulb units. The SB was recalled in September ; hydrogen gas could potentially build up and be ignited by the flash tube, which would eject the front lens and flash tube assembly from the unit. Owners of recalled units were offered the SB as a replacement.

Some of the recalled units were subsequently resold on the secondary market. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Brand of 35mm film amphibious cameras. New York: Lark Books. ISBN Retrieved 13 November Nikon Imaging Products. Retrieved 29 December Letter to Bob Rogen. The Best of Popular Photography.

September 18, Archived from the original on Retrieved Nikon Compendium: Handbook of the Nikon System. Translated by Krueger, Rolf. Hove Books. Retrieved 31 December Earthsea Publishing. Retrieved 30 December It's no longer a myth! Nikon Historical Society.

Popular Photography. Ziff-Davis Publishing Company. ISSN April Retrieved 2 March Nikon Inc. June 1, Retrieved 2 January Popular Science. Nikon: A Celebration Third ed. The Crowood Press Ltd. American Academy of Underwater Sciences. Retrieved 26 January Nikon Imaging. Imaging Resource. Digital Photography Review. Aqua Quest Publications, Inc. Retrieved 13 November — via Internet Archive. Pacific Rim Camera. Malaysian Internet Resources. Sea and Sea. Archived from the original on 5 March Retrieved 1 January Sea and Sea Japan.

Archived from the original on 6 April Skin Diver. Archived from the original on 9 December The Nikonos Handbook. Logan, Utah: Herff Jones. The Beginner's Guide to Underwater Photography. October Nikon Imaging Support. October 25, Broadway World. Guilford, Connecticut: Lyons Press. Underwater diving. Diving modes Atmospheric pressure diving Freediving Saturation diving Scuba diving Snorkeling Surface oriented diving Surface-supplied diving Unmanned diving. Diving equipment. Cleaning and disinfection of personal diving equipment Human factors in diving equipment design.

Diving mask Snorkel Swimfin. Buoyancy compensator Power inflator Dump valve Variable buoyancy pressure vessel Diving weighting system Ankle weights Integrated weights Trim weights Weight belt. Bottom timer Depth gauge Dive computer Dive timer Diving watch Helium release valve Electro-galvanic oxygen sensor Pneumofathometer Submersible pressure gauge. Atmospheric diving suit Diving cylinder Burst disc Scuba cylinder valve Diving helmet Reclaim helmet Diving regulator Mechanism of diving regulators Regulator malfunction Regulator freeze Single-hose regulator Twin-hose regulator Full face diving mask.

Diving support equipment. Air filtration Activated carbon Hopcalite Molecular sieve Silica gel Booster pump Carbon dioxide scrubber Cascade filling system Diver's pump Diving air compressor Diving air filter Water separator High pressure breathing air compressor Low pressure breathing air compressor Gas blending Gas blending for scuba diving Gas panel Gas reclaim system Gas storage bank Gas storage quad Gas storage tube Helium analyzer Nitrox production Membrane gas separation Pressure swing adsorption Oxygen analyser Electro-galvanic oxygen sensor Oxygen compatibility.

Diving spread Air spread Saturation spread Hot water system Sonar Underwater acoustic positioning system Underwater acoustic communication. Professional diving. Navy diver U. Navy master diver. Commercial offshore diving Dive leader Diver training Recreational diver training Hazmat diving Hyperbaric welding Media diving Nondestructive testing Pearl hunting Police diving Potable water diving Public safety diving Scientific diving Ships husbandry Sponge diving Submarine pipeline Underwater archaeology Archaeology of shipwrecks Underwater construction Offshore construction Underwater demolition Underwater logging Underwater photography Underwater search and recovery Underwater searches Underwater videography.

Abrasive waterjet Airlift Baited remote underwater video In-water surface cleaning Brush cart Cavitation cleaning Pressure washing Pigging Lifting bag Remotely operated underwater vehicle Thermal lance Tremie Water jetting. Limpet mine Speargun Hawaiian sling Polespear. Recreational diving. Recreational dive sites Index of recreational dive sites List of wreck diving sites Outline of recreational dive sites.

Diversnight Underwater Bike Race. Diving safety. Human factors in diving equipment design Human factors in diving safety Life-support system Safety-critical system Scuba diving fatalities. List of diving hazards and precautions Environmental Current Delta-P Entanglement hazard Overhead Silt out Wave action Equipment Freeflow Use of breathing equipment in an underwater environment Failure of diving equipment other than breathing apparatus Single point of failure Physiological Cold shock response Decompression Nitrogen narcosis Oxygen toxicity Seasickness Uncontrolled decompression Diver behaviour and competence Lack of competence Overconfidence effect Panic Task loading Trait anxiety Willful violation.

Bellman Chamber operator Diver medical technician Diver's attendant Diving supervisor Diving systems technician Gas man Life support technician Stand-by diver. Breathing gas quality Testing and inspection of diving cylinders Hydrostatic test Sustained load cracking Diving regulator Breathing performance of regulators. Approaches to safety Job safety analysis Risk assessment Toolbox talk Housekeeping Association of Diving Contractors International Code of practice Contingency plan Diving regulations Emergency procedure Emergency response plan Evacuation plan Hazardous Materials Identification System Hierarchy of hazard controls Administrative controls Engineering controls Hazard elimination Hazard substitution Personal protective equipment International Marine Contractors Association Occupational hazard Biological hazard Chemical hazard Physical hazard Psychosocial hazard Occupational hygiene Exposure assessment Occupational exposure limit Workplace health surveillance Safety culture Code of practice Diving safety officer Diving superintendent Health and safety representative Operations manual Safety meeting Standard operating procedure.

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