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Did You Know? How much paid sick leave can I earn? You began earning paid sick leave on your first day of work on or after Jan. Am I paid the same for a sick leave hour as I am for a regular work hour? When may I use my earned paid sick leave? You may use this leave: For a mental or physical illness, injury, or health condition or if you need a medical diagnosis or preventative medical care.
If a family member see below needs care for a mental or physical illness, injury, or health condition, or needs a medical diagnosis or preventative medical care. How soon may I begin using sick leave? What family members may I use paid sick leave to care for? Family members include your: Child - This may include a biological, adopted, or foster child, stepchild, or child you are legally responsible for. Parent - This may include your biological, adoptive, or foster parent, your stepparent, or someone who was your legal guardian or their spouse or registered domestic partner — or a person who was legally responsible for you when you were a minor.
Registered domestic partner. Is my employer required to notify me of my right to paid sick leave? Your employer must give you an initial, one-time notice explaining: That you are legally entitled to paid sick leave. How much paid sick leave you will earn. When you may use paid sick leave. That they are prohibited from retaliating against you for using paid sick leave for any reason allowed by this law, or for exercising other rights within the Minimum Wage Act.
See an example of a notice. At least once a month, your employer must give you a statement paper or electronic that explains: How much paid sick leave you earned since your last notice. How much paid sick leave you used since your last notice. How much unused paid sick leave is available to you. Your employer may use regular payroll statements to notify you. What if taking sick leave causes trouble for me at work?
Not pay overtime owed to you. What other protections for workers were included in Initiative ? In addition to the paid sick leave requirement, Initiative includes three other changes to state law: Increases the minimum wage over the next several years. Ensures tips and service charges are given to the appropriate staff.
Protects employees from retaliation when exercising their rights under the Minimum Wage Act. Implementing a paid sick leave policy As an employer, you must offer paid sick leave for your employees. You have some choices about what your policy will include. Certain options require a written policy if you do not already have one. Your new or existing paid sick leave policy must meet or exceed the minimum requirements defined in state law.
If a local ordinance requires more generous paid sick leave benefits for employees than state law, those requirements will apply. Even if you do not create a written paid sick leave policy, you still need to meet the minimum state requirements.
Paid sick leave policy minimum requirements At a minimum, you must provide one hour of paid sick leave for every 40 hours worked by an employee, regardless of full-time, part-time, temporary, or seasonal status. An employee who has worked for only three months requires four weeks of leave for treatment for a disability. Although the employee is ineligible for leave under the employer's leave policy, the employer must provide unpaid leave as a reasonable accommodation unless it can show that providing the unpaid leave would cause undue hardship.
Example 6: An employer's leave policy explicitly prohibits leave during the first six months of employment. An employee who has worked for only three months needs four weeks of leave for treatment of a disability and the employer tells him that if he takes leave, he will be fired. Although the employee is ineligible for leave under the employer's leave program, the employer must provide unpaid leave as a reasonable accommodation unless it can show that providing the unpaid leave would cause undue hardship.
If the employer could provide unpaid leave without causing an undue hardship, but fires the individual instead, the employer will have violated the ADA. Example 7: An employer's leave policy does not cover employees who work fewer than 30 hours per week. An employee who works 25 hours per week and who has not worked enough hours to be eligible for leave under the FMLA requests one day of leave each week for the next three months for treatment of a disability.
The employer must provide unpaid leave as a reasonable accommodation unless it can show that providing the unpaid leave would cause undue hardship. An employer may not penalize an employee for using leave as a reasonable accommodation. Doing so would be a violation of the ADA because it would render the leave an ineffective accommodation; it also may constitute retaliation for use of a reasonable accommodation. Example 8: An employee who is not covered by the FMLA requires three months of leave due to a disability.
The employer determines that providing three months of leave would not cause undue hardship and grants the request. Instead of giving the employee an unsatisfactory rating during her next annual performance appraisal because she failed to meet production quotas while she was on leave, the employee's supervisor should evaluate the employee's performance taking into account her productivity for the months she did work.
As a general rule, the individual with a disability - who has the most knowledge about the need for reasonable accommodation - must inform the employer that an accommodation is needed. When an employee requests leave, or additional leave, for a medical condition, the employer must treat the request as one for a reasonable accommodation under the ADA. However, if the request for leave can be addressed by an employer's leave program, the FMLA or a similar state or local law , or the workers' compensation program, the employer may provide leave under those programs.
But, if the leave cannot be granted under any other program, then an employer should promptly engage in an "interactive process" with the employee -- a process designed to enable the employer to obtain relevant information to determine the feasibility of providing the leave as a reasonable accommodation without causing an undue hardship.
The information required by the employer will vary from one employee to another. Sometimes the disability may be obvious; in other situations the employer may need additional information to confirm that the condition is a disability under the ADA. However, most of the focus will be on the following issues:. Depending on the information the employee provides, the employer should consider whether the leave would cause an undue hardship see below. An employer may obtain information from the employee's health care provider with the employee's permission to confirm or to elaborate on information that the employee has provided.
Employers may also ask the health care provider to respond to questions designed to enable the employer to understand the need for leave, the amount and type of leave required, and whether reasonable accommodations other than or in addition to leave may be effective for the employee perhaps resulting in the need for less leave.
Information from the health care provider may also assist the employer in determining whether the leave would pose an undue hardship. An employee requesting leave as a reasonable accommodation should respond to questions from an employer as part of the interactive process and work with his or her health care provider to obtain requested medical documentation as quickly as possible. The interactive process may continue even after an initial request for leave has been granted, particularly if the employee's request did not specify an exact or fairly specific return date, or when the employee requires additional leave beyond that which was originally granted.
Example 9 : An employee with a disability is granted three months of leave by an employer. Near the end of the three month leave, the employee requests an additional 30 days of leave. In this situation, the employer can request information from the employee or the employee's health care provider about the need for the 30 additional days and the likelihood that the employee will be able to return to work, with or without reasonable accommodation, if the extension is granted.
However, an employer that has granted leave with a fixed return date may not ask the employee to provide periodic updates, although it may reach out to an employee on extended leave to check on the employee's progress. Example 10 : An employee with a disability is granted three months of leave to recover from a surgery.
After one month, the employer phones the employee and asks how the employee is doing and whether there is anything the employee needs from the employer to help the employee recover and return to work. That is an acceptable request for information. Additionally, a week prior to the end of the employee's leave, the employer again reaches out to the employee to ask whether the employee is able to return to work at the end of leave and if any additional accommodations are required.
This is also an acceptable request for information. The ADA requires that employers make exceptions to their policies, including leave policies, in order to provide a reasonable accommodation. Although employers are allowed to have leave policies that establish the maximum amount of leave an employer will provide or permit, they may have to grant leave beyond this amount as a reasonable accommodation to employees who require it because of a disability, unless the employer can show that doing so will cause an undue hardship.
Example An employer covered under the FMLA grants employees a maximum of 12 weeks of leave per year. An employee uses the full 12 weeks of FMLA leave for her disability but still needs five additional weeks of leave. The employer must provide the additional leave as a reasonable accommodation unless the employer can show that doing so will cause an undue hardship.
The Commission takes the position that compliance with the FMLA does not necessarily meet an employer's obligation under the ADA, and the fact that any additional leave exceeds what is permitted under the FMLA, by itself, is not sufficient to show undue hardship. Also, the employer may consider whether other reasonable accommodations may enable the employee to return to work sooner than the employee anticipates, as long as those accommodations would be consistent with the employee's medical needs.
Maximum leave policies sometimes referred to as "no fault" leave policies take many different forms. A common policy, especially for entities covered by the FMLA, is a flat limit of 12 weeks for both extended and intermittent leave. Other varieties exist though. Some maximum leave policies have caps much higher than 12 weeks.
Others, particularly those not covered by the FMLA, set lower overall caps. Employers also frequently implement policies that limit unplanned absences. For example, a policy might permit employees to have no more than five unplanned absences during a month period, after which they will be subject to progressive discipline or termination. Employees with disabilities are not exempt from these policies as a general rule.
However, such policies may have to be modified as a reasonable accommodation for absences related to a disability, unless the employer can show that doing so would cause undue hardship. Example An employer is not covered by the FMLA, and its leave policy specifies that an employee is entitled to only four days of unscheduled leave per year.
An employee with a disability informs her employer that her disability may cause periodic unplanned absences and that those absences might exceed four days a year. The employee has requested a reasonable accommodation, and the employer should engage with the employee in an interactive process to determine if her disability requires intermittent absences, the likely frequency of the unplanned absences, and if granting an exception to the unplanned absence policy would cause undue hardship.
Many employers, especially larger ones and those with generous maximum leave policies, may rely on "form letters" to communicate with employees who are nearing the end of leave provided under an employer's leave program. These letters frequently instruct an employee to return to work by a certain date or face termination or other discipline.
Employers who use such form letters may wish to modify them to let employees know that if an employee needs additional unpaid leave as a reasonable accommodation for a disability, the employee should ask for it as soon as possible so that the employer may consider whether it can grant an extension without causing undue hardship.
If an employer relies on a third party provider to handle lengthy leave programs, including short- and long-term disability leave programs, it should ensure that any automatic form letters generated by these providers comply with the employer's obligations under the ADA. Employers who handle requests under their regular leave policy separately from requests for leave as a reasonable accommodation should ensure that those responsible communicate with one another to avoid mishandling a request for accommodation.
For example, an employer may hire a contractor to handle its long-term disability program, but have its human resources department handle all requests for leave as a reasonable accommodation. The employer should ensure that the contractor is instructed to forward to the human resources department, in a timely manner, any requests for additional leave beyond the maximum period granted under the long-term disability program, and to refrain from terminating the employee until the human resources department has the opportunity to engage in an interactive process.
The human resources department should contact the employee as soon as possible to explain that it will be handling the request for additional leave as a reasonable accommodation, and that all further communication from the employee on this issue should be directed to that department. An employer and employee should continue to communicate about whether the employee is ready to return to work or whether additional leave is necessary.
For example, the employee may contact a supervisor, human resources official, or anyone else designated by the employer to handle the leave to provide updates about the employee's ability to return to work with or without reasonable accommodation , or about any need for additional leave.
If an employee requests additional leave that will exceed an employer's maximum leave policy whether the leave is a block of time or intermittent , the employer may engage in an interactive process as described above, including obtaining medical documentation specifying the amount of the additional leave needed, the reasons for the additional leave, and why the initial estimate of a return date proved inaccurate.
An employer may also request relevant information to assist in determining whether the requested extension will result in an undue hardship. Employees on leave for a disability may request reasonable accommodation in order to return to work. The request may be made by the employee, or it may be made in a doctor's note releasing the employee to return to work with certain restrictions. If an employee's disability poses a direct threat, an employer must consider whether reasonable accommodation will eliminate or diminish the direct threat.
Example A clerk has been out on medical leave for 16 weeks for surgery to address a disability. The employee's doctor releases him to return to work but with a pound lifting restriction. The employer refuses to allow the employee to return to work with the lifting restriction, even though the employee's essential and marginal functions do not require lifting 20 pounds. The employer's action violates the ADA because the employee can perform his job and he does not pose a direct threat.
Example An employee with a disability requests and is granted two months of medical leave for her disability. Three days after returning to work she requests as reasonable accommodations for her disability an ergonomic chair, adjusted lighting in her office, and a part-time schedule for eight days. In response, the company requires the employee to continue on leave and informs her that she cannot return to work until she is able to work full-time with no restrictions or accommodations.
The employer may not prohibit the employee from returning to work solely because she needs reasonable accommodations though the employer may deny the requested accommodations if they cause an undue hardship. If the employee requires reasonable accommodations to enable her to perform the essential functions of her job and the accommodations requested or effective alternatives do not cause an undue hardship, the employer's requirement violates the ADA.
If an employee returns from a leave of absence with restrictions from his or her doctor, the employer may ask why the restrictions are required and how long they may be needed, and it may explore with the employee and his doctor or other health care professional possible accommodations that will enable the employee to perform the essential functions of the job consistent with the doctor's recommended limitations. In some situations, there may be more than one way to meet a medical restriction.
Example An employee with a disability has been out on leave for three months. The employee's doctor releases her to return to work, but imposes a medical restriction requiring her to take a minute break every 90 minutes. Taking a rest break is a form of reasonable accommodation. When the employer asks the purpose of the break, the doctor explains that the employee needs to sit for 15 minutes after standing and walking for 90 minutes.
The employer asks if the employee could do seated work during the break; the doctor says yes. To comply with the ADA, the employer rearranges when certain marginal functions are performed so that the employee can perform those job duties when seated and therefore not take the minute break. If necessary, an employer should initiate the interactive process upon receiving a request for reasonable accommodation from an employee on leave for a disability who wants to return to work or after receiving a doctor's note outlining work restrictions.
Some issues that may need to be explored include:. In some situations, the requested reasonable accommodation will be reassignment to a new job because the disability prevents the employee from performing one or more essential functions of the current job, even with a reasonable accommodation, or because any accommodation in the current job would result in undue hardship.
The Commission takes the position that if reassignment is required, an employer must place the employee in a vacant position for which he is qualified, without requiring the employee to compete with other applicants for open positions. Example A medical assistant in a hospital required leave as a reasonable accommodation for her disability. Her doctor clears her to return to work but requires that she permanently use a cane when standing and walking. The employee realizes that she cannot perform significant parts of her job while using a cane and requests a reassignment to a vacant position for which she is qualified.
The hospital violates the ADA if it fires the employee rather than reassigning her to a vacant position for which she is qualified and in which she could perform the essential functions while using a cane. When assessing whether to grant leave as a reasonable accommodation, an employer may consider whether the leave would cause an undue hardship. If it would, the employer does not have to grant the leave.
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The FMLA entitles eligible employees of covered employers to take unpaid, job-protected leave for specified family and medical reasons with continuation of. The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) provides certain employees with up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave per year. It also requires that their. Some employers in New York State are required to provide at least 5 or 14 days of job protected, paid COVID sick leave to employees who need to take leave.